The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), held in Campo Grande, Brazil, concluded with significant advancements and a renewed commitment to protecting the planet’s migratory fauna. A landmark achievement was the adoption of the Pantanal Declaration, a pivotal agreement that underscores the critical role of wetlands and freshwater systems in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and the livelihoods of communities. This declaration, agreed upon at the High-Level Segment of the COP, firmly positions these vital ecosystems as indispensable for the survival and well-being of migratory species.
The conference, which convened from March 23rd to March 25th, 2026, brought together delegates from across the globe to deliberate on crucial issues facing migratory animals and their habitats. Wetlands International, a key player in this global conservation effort, actively participated in the proceedings, advocating for stronger protections and highlighting the interconnectedness of wetland health and migratory species survival. The organization’s insights and recommendations were woven into the fabric of the COP’s discussions and decisions, particularly concerning flyways, freshwater ecosystems, and the urgent need for international cooperation.
A Resounding Success: Key Outcomes of CMS COP15
The final day of COP15 witnessed a successful conclusion, with all proposed resolutions, decisions, and amendments to the CMS Appendices being adopted by consensus. This collaborative spirit facilitated the approval of key measures addressing scientific research and conservation priorities. Significant decisions were made regarding the potential impacts of deep-sea mining, the crucial conservation needs of freshwater ecosystems, the protection of marine flyways, and the implementation of measures to reduce vessel strikes on vulnerable whale populations.
A notable outcome was the addition of 40 species, subspecies, and populations to the CMS Appendices, signifying an expanded scope of international protection. Among these newly listed species were those prioritized by Wetlands International, including the Lesser Yellowlegs, Hudsonian Godwit, Hudsonian Whimbrel, and the Giant Otter. The inclusion of these species underscores the growing recognition of the threats they face and the necessity of coordinated global action.
As the conference drew to a close, Germany announced its commitment to hosting COP16 in 2029. This future meeting will hold particular significance as it will coincide with the 50th anniversary of the CMS, an event that will be celebrated in Bonn, Germany, the convention’s birthplace. This announcement signals continued international dedication to the goals of the CMS and provides a forward-looking framework for ongoing conservation efforts.
Delegates at the closing plenary reflected on COP15 as a testament to "science-driven multilateral decision-making at work." They emphasized the collective commitment of the participating nations to safeguarding migratory species and their habitats amidst a complex landscape of geopolitical and environmental challenges.
The Pantanal Declaration: A Cornerstone for Migratory Species
The adoption of the Pantanal Declaration at the outset of COP15 set a vital tone for the entire conference. This declaration unequivocally states: "Highlight the central role of wetlands and freshwater systems in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, water security, and communities’ livelihoods, and that they constitute critical sites for resting, feeding, breeding and connectivity along migratory routes." This powerful statement from the High-Level Segment of CMS COP15 serves as a guiding principle for all future conservation endeavors under the convention.
The declaration’s emphasis on the multifaceted importance of wetlands – from ecological functions to human well-being – recognizes their irreplaceable value. It acknowledges that these environments are not merely habitats but essential infrastructure for the survival of species that traverse vast distances. This holistic perspective is crucial for developing effective and integrated conservation strategies.
A Visionary Closing Address: Connectivity as the Key to Survival
The closing remarks by Joao Paulo Capobianco, the COP15 President and Executive Secretary of Brazil’s Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, resonated deeply with the delegates. His powerful address painted a vivid picture of the interconnectedness of our planet, emphasizing that migratory species are the threads that weave together ecosystems across continents and oceans.
"From the Pantanal to the Arctic, from the oceans to the savannas, migratory species connect our planet in ways no political map ever could," Capobianco stated. "They remind us that ecological integrity depends on continuity on flows that must remain alive, uninterrupted, and resilient. And this is precisely what is at stake."
His poignant words on connectivity underscored its fundamental importance: "Connectivity is not an abstract concept. It is the difference between survival and collapse. Between ecosystems that function and those that fail. To protect migratory routes, ecological corridors, and critical habitats is to protect the very fabric of life on Earth." This impassioned plea highlighted the existential threat faced by migratory species and the urgent need for decisive action.
A "Happy COP": Navigating Negotiations and Advancing Conservation
The middle days of COP15, particularly Days 5 and 6, were characterized by intensive negotiations and working group sessions. While the debates often delved into the intricate details of proposed resolutions, the overall process was described as smooth, fostering a sentiment of a "happy COP" among participants. This positive atmosphere was seen as a strong indicator of progress for the world’s migratory species.
Key decisions that emerged from these deliberations included the approval of the Single Species Action Plan for the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sub-Population of the Tope Shark (Galeorhinus galeus). This plan, supported by Wetlands International and presented by Irene Kingma, marked a significant step in protecting this vulnerable marine species.
Furthermore, the COP addressed crucial issues related to flyways, a priority for Wetlands International. Rafaela Nicola, Director of Wetlands International Brazil, delivered an impactful intervention from the floor, emphasizing the importance of flyway expertise and a flyway/swimway approach to cross-cutting issues such as renewable energy and ecological connectivity. Her statement highlighted the value of initiatives like the International Waterbird Census and the newly established Global Waterbird Estimates Partnership in providing essential data for effective flyways conservation.
Wetlands International’s Active Role in Driving Conservation Agendas
Throughout COP15, Wetlands International played a proactive role, actively engaging in plenary sessions, side events, and bilateral discussions. Their efforts were instrumental in bringing critical wetland-related issues to the forefront of the conservation agenda.
On Day 4, the organization’s advocacy for migratory freshwater fish was particularly prominent. A new CMS study, released at the beginning of the COP, revealed that migratory freshwater fish populations are in a state of severe decline, with an 81% drop since 1970. The assessment identified 325 migratory freshwater fish species as candidates for coordinated international conservation efforts, highlighting an often-overlooked biodiversity crisis in shared river basins worldwide. These species face escalating threats from dam construction, habitat fragmentation, pollution, overfishing, and climate change.
Coenraad Krijger, CEO of Wetlands International, emphasized the urgency of this situation: "Migratory freshwater fish populations are in freefall: declining 81% since 1970. We need to accelerate efforts to safeguard their Swimways and invest in the conservation of these species, which are critical to communities and ecosystems across the globe. This is why migratory fishes are one of the priorities in Wetlands International’s new 10-year strategy." The assessment served as a potent call to action for COP15 Parties, outlining clear recommendations for protecting and restoring rivers to safeguard these vital migratory routes.
The organization also co-hosted several crucial side events, fostering dialogue and collaboration. An event co-organized with Mupan, and supported by Brazil’s Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and CEMAVE/ICMBio, focused on wetland governance. This session underscored how civil society, scientists, and governments can collaborate to strengthen ecological connectivity and protect migratory species within the vital Paraguay-Paraná river and wetland system. Rafaela Nicola highlighted the significance of this initiative, stating, "The reactivation of Brazil’s National Wetlands Committee is a key step to reconnect national efforts with global commitments. Spaces like this allow us to align science, policy and local action to effectively protect wetlands and migratory species."
Another significant event co-organized by Wetlands International addressed fire management in the Pantanal. This session brought together diverse perspectives on prevention, response, and ecosystem resilience in one of the world’s largest and most ecologically significant wetlands. The participation of Indigenous leadership, including Chief Eudes Abicho from the Kadiwéu Territory, underscored the indispensable role of traditional knowledge and frontline experience in tackling fire-related challenges. Áurea Garcia, General Director of Mupan and Policy Coordinator at Wetlands International Brazil, noted, "The increasing frequency and intensity of fires in the Pantanal demand integrated responses that combine local knowledge, science and coordinated action. What we are building in the territory can inform broader strategies for wetland conservation globally."
Day 1: The Pantanal Takes Center Stage
The opening day of COP15 in Campo Grande, Brazil, was marked by the prominent focus on the Pantanal, the world’s largest tropical wetland and a flagship landscape for Wetlands International. The adoption of the Pantanal Declaration during the High-Level segment immediately established the critical importance of this iconic biome and its associated ecosystems for migratory species.
Marina Silva, Brazil’s Minister of Environment and Climate Change, eloquently highlighted the significance of hosting COP15 at the gateway to the Pantanal. She emphasized its vital role for numerous migratory species and its broader ecological importance, urging delegates to take decisive actions to ensure the continued movement of migratory species across borders. Minister Silva also articulated the COP as an opportunity to "rekindle the light of multilateralism," a sentiment crucial for reversing the alarming decline of migratory species populations.
Amy Fraenkel, CMS Executive Secretary, presented the interim State of the World’s Migratory Species report, detailing current extinction risks and population trends. She implored delegates to intensify cross-border cooperation to achieve the Convention’s objectives.
The high-level panel also featured a compelling call from Dr. Musonda Mumba, Ramsar Secretary General, for increased investment in wetland protection and restoration as a fundamental strategy for safeguarding migratory species and the ecosystems they inhabit, which are essential for human societies. Dr. Mumba later met with the Wetlands International delegation to discuss strengthening international cooperation around the Paraguay-Paraná Wetland System, advancing the Ramsar Regional Initiative, and reinforcing transboundary dialogue and wetland governance. Rafaela Nicola reiterated the strategic importance of this region: "The Paraguay-Paraná Wetland System is one of the most strategic regions in the world for wetland conservation and migratory species. Strengthening this dialogue with the Ramsar Convention is essential to connect local action in the Pantanal with global decision-making on biodiversity and climate."
Wetlands International’s engagement on Day 1 also included the opening of a photo exhibition titled "Pantanal: Landscapes and lives in motion." This exhibition, featuring captivating images often captured by Joeri Borst, presented the Pantanal as a dynamic territory shaped by water, fire, and human interaction. It highlighted the biome’s extraordinary biodiversity, encompassing over 4,700 species, and underscored the crucial role of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in its protection. Alen Keller de Oliveira Gomes, Administrative and Financial Director at Mupan, described the exhibition as "an invitation to see the Pantanal beyond the landscape, as a territory of people, knowledge and active protection. Bringing these images to CMS COP15 connects local realities with global debates on biodiversity and climate."
The success of COP15, particularly the adoption of the Pantanal Declaration and the strengthened commitments to protecting wetlands and freshwater systems, signals a positive trajectory for the conservation of migratory species. The conference’s outcomes are expected to catalyze enhanced international cooperation and drive more effective conservation actions in the critical years ahead, ensuring that the vital flows of life across our planet continue uninterrupted.
